Eritrea covers an area of 117,760 square kilometers (km2) and has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometers (km). It is situated in the Horn of Africa, neighboring Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti and bordered to the East by the Red Sea. The total cultivable area is estimated at around 1.6 million hectares (ha). The total cultivated area was 503,000 ha in 2002, of which 500,000 ha arable land and 3,000 ha permanent crops (Table 1). Most of the country consists of savanna, steppes, and desert, particularly in the south-western lowlands and in the east near the Red Sea. The highlands, where altitudes range between 1,500 and 2,000 meters (m), are among the oldest areas cultivated by humans and are showing signs of overuse. Administratively,

There is only one perennial river, the Setit River, which also forms the border with Ethiopia. All other rivers are seasonal and contain water only after rainfall and are dry for the rest of the year. There are no natural fresh surface water bodies in the country. Artificially dammed water bodies are found here and there in the highland parts of the country.

Groundwater can be tapped in all parts of the country but not in the quantities and of the qualities desired. Four hydro-geological units, based on the different geological units, recharge conditions and hydraulic characteristics, can be detailed:

Granular aquifers, which cover large areas in the western and eastern lowlands and along river valleys and floodplains. Unconsolidated aquifers consisting of the alluvial and colluvial sediments are also found in the Asmara area, Red Sea coastal plains and at the foot of fault scraps and mountains

Fissured and jointed volcanic aquifers, which are found in the central highland plateau southeast of Asmara and west of Assab, the Alid hot spring and in the southern part of the country

The World Bank reports that at least 80 countries have water shortages and 2 billion people lack access to clean water. More disturbingly, the World Health Organization has reported that 1 billion people lack enough water to simply meet their basic needs, unfortunately in many countries water is scarce or contaminated.

Pure Aqua provides wide range of filtration and economical solutions based on the Eritrea’s water resources.

Eritrea’s main water resources are:

• Surface water is water from river, lake or fresh water wetland, which can be treated using different methods, such as Ultrafiltration Systems, Brackish Water RO.
• Desalination can be used for water from ocean, or sea source, which can be treated using Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems; Desalination Systems
• Ground Water or brackish water is from water located in the pore space of soil and rock “Borehole well”, which can be treated using Reverse Osmosis Systems, Chemical Dosing, UV Water Sterilizer.
• Government water supply, which could have high level of hardness or high level of chlorine, can be treated with Water Softener System, Media Water Filters

Water challenges in Eritrea
Almost half of the Eritrean population are unable to gain access to suitable drinking water for consumption. This occurrence leaves people dependent on contaminated water that remains filled with bacterial disease ridden excrement, which can cause illnesses such as diarrhea and typhoid fever. Much of this problem relates to a lack of knowledge and awareness throughout the society. However, even the people that do understand the risks but live in areas where the availability of water is extremely low, leaves no other options for them. The quality of water in Eritrea continues to be a major problem for residents, as well as a humanitarian crisis for the nation. Little to no freshwater sources, insufficient sanitary facilities, and bad climate makes the obtainability of fresh and potable water unlikely for the near future.

Pure Aqua water treatment solutions
Pure Aqua manufactures water treatment systems that will provide safe drinking water areas that do not have the required technology for clean water production. Our water purification systems are designed to treat contaminated water by removing all harmful bacteria, viruses, and other organic substances from the water. 

Pure Aqua manufactures water treatment systems that meet the World Health Organization requirements.